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EJNMMI Research
Fig. 1 | EJNMMI Research

Fig. 1

From: Hypoxia imaging and theranostic potential of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts: a review of current evidence and discussion of the retention mechanisms

Fig. 1

Simplified illustration of copper transport mechanism. Cu(II) is carried by albumin or transcuprein in blood, and is believed to be reduced to Cu(I) by reductases near the surface of cells. Copper transporter 1 (CTR-1) is the major high-affinity copper transporter, which transports Cu(I) into the cells and deliver to the copper chaperone Cox17, the antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1), or the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS). Atox1 further deliver copper to either the copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) ATP7A in neuron/astrocyte cells, or the ATPase ATP7B in the liver, which either pass the copper to target cuproenzymes, or to excretion

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