Altered brain metabolism in frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders: involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex

EJNMMI Research

Table 2 Voxel-wise contrasts of brain metabolism within the FTD mask in bvFTD, PPD and controls

Anatomical region	Laterality	MNI coordinates			Cohen’s d	Cluster size in voxels
Anatomical region	Laterality	x	y	z	Cohen’s d	Cluster size in voxels
bvFTD < PPD
Dorsal ACC	Bilateral	− 2	46	16	0.75	3953
Insula	Left	− 38	20	− 8	0.61	625
Caudate	Right	6	18	− 2	0.60	120
Broca area	Left	− 50	16	26	0.49	81
Thalamus	Right	4	− 20	8	0.53	232
Temporal cortex
Inferior temporal gyrus	Right	58	− 18	− 26	0.53	560
Fusiform gyrus	Left	− 58	− 40	− 16	0.44	87
Temporal pole	Bilateral	− 46	10	− 30*	0.49	20
bvFTD > PPD
Motor cortex (pre-motor/SMA)	Left	− 36	− 12	62	0.56	160
Motor cortex (pre-motor/SMA)	Right	42	− 6	54	0.52	42
bvFTD < controls^a
Dorsal ACC	Bilateral	2	48	6	0.70	99
OFC	Left	− 42	18	− 8	0.53	33
dlPFC	Right	0	30	36	0.55	35
Temporal pole	Left	− 62	3	− 20	0.60	36
Caudate	Right	6	18	− 2	0.57	10
bvFTD > controls^a
Thalamus	Left	18	− 22	6	0.77	63
Motor cortex
Pre-motor/SMA	Right	40	− 10	58	0.76	391
Pre-motor/SMA	Left	− 56	− 2	20	0.74	236
Primary motor cortex	Right	38	− 30	64	0.67	21
Primary auditory cortex	Right	44	− 28	8	0.56	73
PPD > controls
Temporal cortex
Inferior temporal gyrus	Left	− 46	− 24	− 28	0.69	106
Fusiform gyrus	Left	− 56	− 42	− 16	0.53	25
Temporal pole	Left	− 40	4	− 40	0.50	17
Thalamus	Right	18	− 29	4	0.51	22

Significance set at P < .001, cluster size k > 10, FWE-uncorrected. Results are adjusted for age, sex, psychotropic drug use and type of scanner. The Cohen’s d was calculated based upon the sample size and SPM-derived T values, while using the following formula: Cohen’s d = t/[N]^1/2. Interpretation of the effect size of Cohen’s d are as follows: 0.2 = small effect. 0.5 = moderate effect. 0.8 = large effect
ACC anterior cingulate cortex, dlPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, OFC orbitofrontal cortex, MNI Montreal Neurological Institute, PFC prefrontal cortex, SMA Supplementary motor area
*MNI coordinates of left pole are displayed
^aadjusted for age, sex, type of scanner (not for psychotropic drug use due to smaller sample size)