Articles

Photonuclear production, chemistry, and in vitro evaluation of the theranostic radionuclide ⁴⁷Sc

In molecular imaging and nuclear medicine, theranostic agents that integrate radionuclide pairs are successfully being used for individualized care, which has led to rapidly growing interest in their continued...

Authors: C. Shaun Loveless, Lauren L. Radford, Samuel J. Ferran, Stacy L. Queern, Matthew R. Shepherd and Suzanne E. Lapi

^99mTc-HYNIC-IL-2 scintigraphy to detect acute rejection in lung transplantation patients: a proof-of-concept study

Acute allograft rejection is one of the major complications after lung transplantation, and adequate and early recognition is important. Till now, the reference standard to detect acute rejection is the histop...

Authors: Eef D. Telenga, Wim van der Bij, Erik F. J. de Vries, Erik A. M. Verschuuren, Wim Timens, Gert Luurtsema, Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Alberto Signore and Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans

Optimising quantitative ⁹⁰Y PET imaging: an investigation into the effects of scan length and Bayesian penalised likelihood reconstruction

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of ⁹⁰Y following selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is possible, but image quality is poor, and therefore, accurate quantification and dosimetry are challenging...

Authors: Nathaniel P. Scott and Daniel R. McGowan

[¹⁸F]FMISO PET/CT as a preoperative prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer

While [¹⁸F]fluoromisonidazole (FMISO), a representative PET tracer to detect hypoxia, is reported to be able to prospect the prognosis after treatment for various types of cancers, the relation is unclear for pan...

Authors: Tomohiko Yamane, Masayasu Aikawa, Masanori Yasuda, Kenji Fukushima, Akira Seto, Koujun Okamoto, Isamu Koyama and Ichiei Kuji

Cessation of anti-VLA-4 therapy in a focal rat model of multiple sclerosis causes an increase in neuroinflammation

Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo evaluation of the pathology associated with multiple sclerosis. We investigated the use of longitudinal PET imaging and the 18-kDa translocator protei...

Authors: S. K. Vainio, A. M. Dickens, J. Tuisku, O. Eskola, O. Solin, E. Löyttyniemi, D. C. Anthony, J. O. Rinne, L. Airas and M. Haaparanta-Solin

Diagnostic performance of the specific uptake size index for semi-quantitative analysis of I-123-FP-CIT SPECT: harmonized multi-center research setting versus typical clinical single-camera setting

The specific uptake size index (SUSI) of striatal FP-CIT uptake is independent of spatial resolution in the SPECT image, in contrast to the specific binding ratio (SBR). This suggests that the SUSI is particul...

Authors: Ralph Buchert, Catharina Lange, Timo S. Spehl, Ivayla Apostolova, Lars Frings, Cathrine Jonsson, Philipp T. Meyer and Sabine Hellwig

A comparative study of standardized quantitative and visual assessment for predicting tumor volume and outcome in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma staged with 18F-FDG PET/CT

Semi-automated quantitative measurement of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) for prognosis in diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has gained considerable interest lately. However, simple tumor volume measures may...

Authors: Lars C. Gormsen, Mikkel H. Vendelbo, Mette Abildgaard Pedersen, Ate Haraldsen, Karin Hjorthaug, Trond Velde Bogsrud, Lars J. Petersen, Karen Juul Jensen, Rasmus Brøndum and Tarec C. El-Galaly

Endorsement of International Consensus Radiochemistry Nomenclature Guidelines

Authors: Philip Elsinga, Angelika Bischof Delaloye, Arturo Chiti, Stefaan Vandenberghe, Francesco Giammarile and Ignasi Carrio

Intratumoral ¹⁸F-FLT infusion in metabolic targeted radiotherapy

The goal of targeted radiotherapy (TRT) is to administer radionuclides to tumor cells, while limiting radiation exposure to normal tissues. 3′-Deoxy-3′-[¹⁸F]-fluorothymidine (¹⁸F-FLT) is able to target tumor cell...

Authors: Thititip Tippayamontri, Brigitte Guérin, René Ouellet, Otman Sarrhini, Jacques Rousseau, Roger Lecomte, Benoit Paquette and Léon Sanche

Optimized dual-time-window protocols for quantitative [¹⁸F]flutemetamol and [¹⁸F]florbetaben PET studies

A long dynamic scanning protocol may be required to accurately measure longitudinal changes in amyloid load. However, such a protocol results in a lower patient comfort and scanning efficiency compared to stat...

Authors: Fiona Heeman, Maqsood Yaqub, Isadora Lopes Alves, Kerstin Heurling, Johannes Berkhof, Juan Domingo Gispert, Santiago Bullich, Christopher Foley and Adriaan A. Lammertsma

Determination of a pharmacokinetic model for [¹¹C]-acetate in brown adipose tissue

[¹¹C]-acetate positron emission tomography is used to assess oxidative metabolism in various tissues including the heart, tumor, and brown adipose tissue. For brown adipose tissue, a monoexponential decay model i...

Authors: Marie Anne Richard, Denis P. Blondin, Christophe Noll, Réjean Lebel, Martin Lepage and André C. Carpentier

Correction to: Comparison of three-parameter kinetic model analysis to standard Patlak’s analysis in ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging of lung cancer patients

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors flagged that the author affiliations detailed in the article are incorrect for the authors M. L. Calcagni and A. Giordano.

Authors: E. Laffon, M. L. Calcagni, G. Galli, A. Giordano, A. Capotosti, R. Marthan and L. Indovina

An untapped potential for imaging of peripheral osteomyelitis in paediatrics using [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT —the inference from a juvenile porcine model

To examine parameters affecting the detection of osteomyelitis (OM) by [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT and to reduce tracer activity in a pig model.

Authors: P. Afzelius, O. L. Nielsen, H. C. Schønheyder, A.K.O. Alstrup and S. B. Hansen

Transcriptional effects of ¹⁷⁷Lu-octreotate therapy using a priming treatment schedule on GOT1 tumor in nude mice

¹⁷⁷Lu-octreotate is used for therapy of somatostatin receptor expressing neuroendocrine tumors with promising results, although complete tumor remission is rarely seen. Previous studies on nude mice bearing the h...

Authors: Johan Spetz, Britta Langen, Nils-Petter Rudqvist, Toshima Z. Parris, Emman Shubbar, Johanna Dalmo, Bo Wängberg, Ola Nilsson, Khalil Helou and Eva Forssell-Aronsson

Bone SPECT-based segmented attenuation correction for quantitative analysis of bone metastasis (B-SAC): comparison with CT-based attenuation correction

Evidence has shown the clinical usefulness of measuring the metastatic tumor burden of bone for prognostic assessment especially in prostate cancer; quantitative evaluation by dedicated SPECT is difficult due ...

Authors: Tadaki Nakahara, Yoshiki Owaki, Tsubasa Shindou, Kiyotaka Nakajima and Masahiro Jinzaki

No significant difference found in PET/MRI CBF values reconstructed with CT-atlas-based and ZTE MR attenuation correction

Accurate attenuation correction (AC) is one of the most important issues to be addressed in quantitative brain PET/MRI imaging. Atlas-based MRI AC (AB-MRAC), one of the representative MRAC methods, has been us...

Authors: Hidehiko Okazawa, Tetsuya Tsujikawa, Yoshifumi Higashino, Ken-Ichiro Kikuta, Tetsuya Mori, Akira Makino and Yasushi Kiyono

HYNIC and DOMA conjugated radiolabeled bombesin analogs as receptor-targeted probes for scintigraphic detection of breast tumor

Among the many peptide receptor systems, gastrin-releasing-peptide (GRP) receptors, the mammalian equivalent of bombesin (BN) receptors, are potential targets for diagnosis and therapy of breast tumors due to ...

Authors: Kakali De, Dibyanti Mukherjee, Samarendu Sinha and Shantanu Ganguly

Optimal respiratory-gated [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT significantly impacts the quantification of metabolic parameters and their correlation with overall survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Metabolic parameters are increasingly being used to characterize tumors. Motion artifacts due to patient respiration introduce uncertainties in quantification of metabolic parameters during positron emission t...

Authors: Esther M. M. Smeets, Dominique S. Withaar, Willem Grootjans, John J. Hermans, Kees van Laarhoven, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Martin Gotthardt and Erik H. J. G. Aarntzen

Interobserver variability of image-derived arterial blood SUV in whole-body FDG PET

Today, the standardized uptake value (SUV) is essentially the only means for quantitative evaluation of static [¹⁸F-]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) investigations. However, the SUV ap...

Authors: Frank Hofheinz, Jens Maus, Sebastian Zschaeck, Julian Rogasch, Georg Schramm, Liane Oehme, Ivayla Apostolova, Jörg Kotzerke and Jörg van den Hoff

High-speed scanning of planar images showing ¹²³I-MIBG uptake using a whole-body CZT camera: a phantom and clinical study

The heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) obtained in myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging using ¹²³I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is used for heart failure or Lewy body diseases (LBD). Discovery NM/CT 670 CZT...

Authors: Nanami Okano, Iichiro Osawa, Saki Tsuchihashi, Masafumi Takahashi, Mamoru Niitsu and Ichiro Matsunari

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using a preclinical 1 T PET/MRI in healthy and tumor-bearing rats

Hybrid positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanners are increasingly used for both clinical and preclinical imaging. Especially functional MRI sequences such as diffusion-weig...

Authors: Jakob Albrecht, Dietrich Polenz, Anja A. Kühl, Julian M. M. Rogasch, Annekatrin Leder, Igor M. Sauer, Magor Babos, Gabor Mócsai, Nicola Beindorff, Ingo G. Steffen, Winfried Brenner and Eva J. Koziolek

²²³Ra-dichloride therapy of bone metastasis: optimization of SPECT images for quantification

²²³Ra imaging is crucial to evaluate the successfulness of the therapy of bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The goals of this study were to establish a quantitative tomographic ²²³Ra...

Authors: Nadia Benabdallah, Michela Bernardini, Marta Bianciardi, Claire de Labriolle-Vaylet, Didier Franck and Aurélie Desbrée

Multi-modal image analysis for semi-automatic segmentation of the total liver and liver arterial perfusion territories for radioembolization

We have developed a multi-modal imaging approach for SIRT, combining ^99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT and/or ⁹⁰Y PET, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, and contrast-enhanced CBCT for voxel-based dosimetry, as a tool for treatment planning and v...

Authors: Esmaeel Jafargholi Rangraz, Walter Coudyzer, Geert Maleux, Kristof Baete, Christophe M. Deroose and Johan Nuyts

Evaluation of apoptosis imaging biomarkers in a genetic model of cell death

We have previously developed the caspase-based radiotracer, ¹⁸F-ICMT-11, for PET imaging to monitor treatment response. We further validated ¹⁸F-ICMT-11 specificity in a murine melanoma death-switch tumour model ...

Authors: Vessela Vassileva, Stephen M. Stribbling, Chris Barnes, Laurence Carroll, Marta Braga, Joel Abrahams, Kathrin Heinzmann, Caroline Haegeman, Marion MacFarlane, Kathryn L. Simpson, Caroline Dive, Jamie Honeychurch, Timothy M. Illidge and Eric O. Aboagye

First-in-class positron emission tomography tracer for the glucagon receptor

The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is emerging as an important target in anti-diabetic therapy, especially as part of the pharmacology of dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon (GLP-1/GCG) receptor agonists. However,...

Authors: Irina Velikyan, Torsten Haack, Martin Bossart, Andreas Evers, Iina Laitinen, Philip Larsen, Oliver Plettenburg, Lars Johansson, Stefan Pierrou, Michael Wagner and Olof Eriksson

¹⁸F-FLT PET/MRI for bone marrow failure syndrome-initial experience

Bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with single- or multiple-lineage cytopenia and failure of normal hematopoiesis. We assessed the feasibility of integrated PE...

Authors: Tetsuya Tsujikawa, Toshiki Tasaki, Naoko Hosono, Tetsuya Mori, Akira Makino, Yasushi Kiyono, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Takahiro Yamauchi and Hidehiko Okazawa

Personalised insulin calculator enables safe and effective correction of hyperglycaemia prior to FDG PET/CT

Hyperglycaemia can influence ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake due to competition for glucose transport and phosphorylation by hexokinase. Major international nuclear medicine societies recommend blood glucose ...

Authors: David A. Pattison, Lisa L. MacFarlane, Jason Callahan, Emma L. Kane, Timothy Akhurst and Rodney J. Hicks

Repeatability of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT total metabolic active tumour volume and total tumour burden in NSCLC patients

Total metabolic active tumour volume (TMATV) and total tumour burden (TTB) are increasingly studied as prognostic and predictive factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this study, we invest...

Authors: Guilherme D. Kolinger, David Vállez García, Gerbrand M. Kramer, Virginie Frings, Egbert F. Smit, Adrianus J. de Langen, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Otto S. Hoekstra and Ronald Boellaard

Concomitant ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE and capecitabine therapy in malignant paragangliomas

The role of concomitant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and capecitabine therapy has shown benefit in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. However, data reporting its role in paragangliom...

Authors: Madhav Prasad Yadav, Sanjana Ballal and Chandrasekhar Bal

Partial-volume correction in dynamic PET-CT: effect on tumor kinetic parameter estimation and validation of simplified metrics

Partial-volume effects generally result in an underestimation of tumor tracer uptake on PET-CT for small lesions, necessitating partial-volume correction (PVC) for accurate quantification. However, investigati...

Authors: M. C. F. Cysouw, S. V. S. Golla, V. Frings, E. F. Smit, O. S. Hoekstra, G. M. Kramer and R. Boellaard

Phase analysis single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) detects dyssynchrony in myocardial scar and increases specificity of MPI

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is commonly used to assess patients with cardiovascular disease. However, in certain scenarios, it may have limited sp...

Authors: John P. Bois, Chris Scott, Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, Raymond J. Gibbons and Martin Rodriguez-Porcel

Efficacy of 4′-[methyl-11C] thiothymidine PET/CT before and after neoadjuvant therapy for predicting therapeutic responses in patients with esophageal cancer: a pilot study

4′-[Methyl-11C] thiothymidine (4DST) has been introduced as a new cell proliferation imaging PET tracer that incorporates into DNA directly. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of 4D...

Authors: Masatoshi Hotta, Ryogo Minamimoto, Kazuhiko Yamada, Kyoko Nohara, Daisuke Soma, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Jun Toyohara and Kei Takase

Pulmonary PET imaging confirms preferential lung target occupancy of an inhaled bronchodilator

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive molecular imaging technique that traces the distribution of radiolabeled molecules in experimental animals and human subjects. We hypothesized that PET coul...

Authors: Magnus Schou, Pär Ewing, Zsolt Cselenyi, Markus Fridén, Akihiro Takano, Christer Halldin and Lars Farde

Monitoring anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with FDG PET: introduction of iPERCIST

Immunotherapy represents a new therapeutic approach in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with the potential for prolonged benefits. Because of the systemic nature and heterogeneity of tumoral diseases, as ...

Authors: Lucas Goldfarb, Boris Duchemann, Kader Chouahnia, Laurent Zelek and Michael Soussan

Impact of a combination of quantitative indices representing uptake intensity, shape, and asymmetry in DAT SPECT using machine learning: comparison of different volume of interest settings

We sought to assess the machine learning-based combined diagnostic accuracy of three types of quantitative indices obtained using dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT SPECT)—spe...

Authors: Yu Iwabuchi, Tadaki Nakahara, Masashi Kameyama, Yoshitake Yamada, Masahiro Hashimoto, Yohji Matsusaka, Takashi Osada, Daisuke Ito, Hajime Tabuchi and Masahiro Jinzaki

Comparison of standardized uptake values between ^99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT in bone metastases of breast and prostate cancer

Despite recent technological advances allowing for quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), quantitative SPECT has not been widely used in the clinical practice. The aim of this study i...

Authors: Samuli Arvola, Ivan Jambor, Anna Kuisma, Jukka Kemppainen, Sami Kajander, Marko Seppänen and Tommi Noponen

Targeting mannose receptor expression on macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-knockout mice using ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR nanobody: non-invasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaques

Rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by heavy macrophage infiltration, and the presence of certain macrophage subsets might be a sign for plaque vulnerability. The mannose receptor (MR, CD20...

Authors: Zohreh Varasteh, Sarajo Mohanta, Yuanfang Li, Nicolás López Armbruster, Miriam Braeuer, Stephan G. Nekolla, Andreas Habenicht, Hendrik B. Sager, Geert Raes, Wolfgang Weber, Sophie Hernot and Markus Schwaiger

¹⁸F-FDG and ¹¹C-4DST PET/CT for evaluating response to platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective study

4′-[Methyl-¹¹C] thiothymidine (4DST) PET/CT provides DNA synthesis imaging, which represented a higher correlation with the proliferation in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than that from imaging with...

Authors: Ryogo Minamimoto, Yuichiro Takeda, Masatoshi Hotta, Jun Toyohara, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Go Naka and Haruhito Sugiyama

A phase 1, first-in-human study of ¹⁸F-GP1 positron emission tomography for imaging acute arterial thrombosis

¹⁸F-GP1 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that targets glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets. The study objective was to explore the feasibility of directly imaging acute arte....

Authors: Sun Young Chae, Tae-Won Kwon, Soyoung Jin, Sun U. Kwon, Changhwan Sung, Seung Jun Oh, Sang Ju Lee, Jungsu S. Oh, Youngjin Han, Yong-Pil Cho, Narae Lee, Ji Young Kim, Norman Koglin, Mathias Berndt, Andrew W. Stephens and Dae Hyuk Moon

Potential usefulness of ⁶⁸Ga-citrate PET/CT in detecting infected lower limb prostheses

Prosthetic joint infections may lead to failures of total joint arthroplasty. Radionuclide imaging can play a diagnostic role in identifying such infections, which require two-stage exchange arthroplasty (inst...

Authors: Jing-Ren Tseng, Yu-Han Chang, Lan-Yan Yang, Chen-Te Wu, Szu-Yuan Chen, Chih-Hsing Wan, Ing-Tsung Hsiao and Tzu-Chen Yen

Evaluation of data-driven respiratory gating waveforms for clinical PET imaging

We aimed to evaluate the clinical robustness of a commercially developed data-driven respiratory gating algorithm based on principal component analysis, for use in routine PET imaging.

Authors: Matthew D. Walker, Andrew J. Morgan, Kevin M. Bradley and Daniel R. McGowan

Implications of reconstruction protocol for histo-biological characterisation of breast cancers using FDG-PET radiomics

The aim of this study is to determine if the choice of the ¹⁸F-FDG-PET protocol, especially matrix size and reconstruction algorithm, is of importance to discriminate between immunohistochemical subtypes (luminal...

Authors: Nicolas Aide, Thibault Salomon, Cécile Blanc-Fournier, Jean-Michel Grellard, Christelle Levy and Charline Lasnon

The development of a GPR44 targeting radioligand [¹¹C]AZ12204657 for in vivo assessment of beta cell mass

The G-protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) is a beta cell-restricted target that may serve as a marker for beta cell mass (BCM) given the development of a suitable PET ligand.

Authors: Mahabuba Jahan, Peter Johnström, Ram K. Selvaraju, Marie Svedberg, Maria Sörhede Winzell, Jenny Bernström, Lee Kingston, Magnus Schou, Zhisheng Jia, Stanko Skrtic, Lars Johansson, Olle Korsgren, Lars Farde, Christer Halldin and Olof Eriksson

Volume-of-interest-based supervised cluster analysis for pseudo-reference region selection in [¹⁸F]DPA-714 PET imaging of the rat brain

Aim of this study was to automatically select a suitable pseudo-reference brain region for the accurate, non-invasive quantification of neuroinflammation in a rat brain using dynamic [¹⁸F]DPA-714 PET imaging.

Authors: Igor Fagner Vieira, Dieter Ory, Cindy Casteels, Fernando R. A. Lima, Koen Van Laere, Guy Bormans and Michel Koole

Cherenkov luminescence imaging is a fast and relevant preclinical tool to assess tumour hypoxia in vivo

Molecular imaging techniques visualise biomarkers for both drug development and personalised medicine. In this field, Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) seems to be very attractive by allowing imaging with c...

Authors: Emiko Desvaux, Alan Courteau, Pierre-Simon Bellaye, Mélanie Guillemin, Camille Drouet, Paul Walker, Bertrand Collin and Richard A. Decréau

Glucose metabolic brain patterns to discriminate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from Parkinson plus syndromes

¹⁸F-FDG brain PET measures metabolic changes in neurodegenerative disorders and may discriminate between different diseases even at an early stage. The objective of this study was to classify patients with amyot....

Authors: Martijn Devrome, Donatienne Van Weehaeghe, Joke De Vocht, Philip Van Damme, Koen Van Laere and Michel Koole

Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: ⁸⁹Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model

Bone fracture healing is dependent upon the rapid migration and engraftment of bone marrow (BM) progenitor and stem cells to the site of injury. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 plays a crucial role in recruiting...

Authors: Kingsley O. Asiedu, Munira Ferdousi, Phuongnga T. Ton, Stephen S. Adler, Peter L. Choyke and Noriko Sato

First in-human radiation dosimetry of the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonist ⁶⁸Ga-NODAGA-MJ9

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists have promise in theranostics of several highly incident tumours, including prostate and breast. This study presents the first human dosimetry of ⁶⁸Ga-NODAGA-MJ9 in t...

Authors: Silvano Gnesin, Francesco Cicone, Periklis Mitsakis, Axel Van der Gucht, Sébastien Baechler, Raymond Miralbell, Valentina Garibotto, Thomas Zilli and John O. Prior

Centiloid scaling for quantification of brain amyloid with [¹⁸F]flutemetamol using multiple processing methods

A standardised method for quantifying β-amyloid PET tracers would allow comparison across different tracers and different sites. The development of the Centiloid scale has aimed to achieve this, applying a com...

Authors: Mark R. Battle, Lovena Chedumbarum Pillay, Val J. Lowe, David Knopman, Bradley Kemp, Christopher C. Rowe, Vincent Doré, Victor L. Villemagne and Christopher J. Buckley

Alternative headphones for patient noise protection and communication in PET-MR studies of the brain

Due to the high noise emission generated by the gradients in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an efficient method of noise protection is mandatory. In addition to providing hearing protection, appropriate hea...

Authors: Lutz Tellmann, Hans Herzog, Frank Boers, Christoph Lerche and N. Jon Shah