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EJNMMI Research
Fig. 2 | EJNMMI Research

Fig. 2

From: Prediction of multiple pH compartments by deep learning in magnetic resonance spectroscopy with hyperpolarized 13C-labelled zymonic acid

Fig. 2

Spectra synthetization was performed to generate three pHe compartment spectra for the CNN and MLP training data. a The pHe values for each of the three compartments (7.33–7.44; 6.96–7.15; 6.32–6.78) are normally distributed. b An example of the generated spectrum by 3 compartment pHe values. c Signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios are applied ranging from 2 to 7 for the synthetic spectra. For simplification, only SNR 2, 5, and 7 are shown. Kidney spectra were augmented by applying five-scale Gaussian denoising to increase the real training data size. d Example of the original and denoised spectra. For simplicity, only the first and the fifth scale-denoised spectra are shown. An enlarged version of the spectra (green box) is shown on the right

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