Table 2 Normal values of the population without diabetes (N = 100) and the population with diabetes (N = 26)

Bone

Non-DM

1.90 [1.12–4.87]

2.72 [1.59–6.12]

3.69 [1.08–9.09]

0.67 [0.16–1.57]

30.97 [3.50–51]

DM

1.85 [1.12–2.61]

2.79 [1.66–4.24]

4.28 [0.64–90]

0.63 [0.09–1.03]

23.51 [6.24–60.12]

Brain GM^†

Non-DM

8.08 [4.85–13.56]

15.20 [8.66–46.50]

17.46 [11.68–27.61]

3.28 [2.02–5.40]

81.18 [13.58–140.70]

DM

6.69 [4.65–9.43]

11.60 [8.59–19.28]

16.80 [12.79–24.28]

2.23 [1.62–3.92]

68.79 [41.6–95.26]

Brain WM^†

Non-DM

3.39 [2.09–5.29]

5.86 [3.59–10.30]

6.03 [4.02–9.53]

1.09 [0.72–1.80]

46.07 [15.29–87.4]

DM

2.94 [2.17–3.68]

4.88 [3.63–6.68]

6.44 [4.20–8.27]

0.86 [0.55–1.33]

39.76 [29.12–67.61]

Colon

Non-DM

1.26 [0.52–6.36]

2.38 [0.95–12.2]

3.17 [1.24–21.23]

0.57 [0.23–3.60]

47.70 [17.45–174.4]

DM

1.84 [0.87–5.72]

3.17 [1.49–10.48]

6.07 [0.68–20.55]

0.74 [0.10–2.19]

56.46 [35.80–163.7]

Heart

Non-DM

4.48 [0.72–14.50]

9.53 [1.58–33.6]

11.03 [0.35–42.6]

1.82 [0.08–7.22]

54.17 [16.84–191.70]

DM

2.67 [0.99–13.24]

7.01 [2.06–30.97]

5.90 [0.14–43.46]

0.86 [0.02–6.30]

48.50 [28.53–123.80]

Kidney

Non-DM

2.03 [0.67–3.03]

3.55 [1.32–4.77]

3.81 [0.08–7.95]

0.69 [0.01–1.45]

95.54 [32.51–141]

DM

2.31 [1.91–3.18]

4.02 [3.11–6.05]

4.49 [0.53–8.38]

0.67 [0.08–1.10]

99.98 [75–137.70]

Liver

Non-DM

2.26 [1.31–3.11]

3.80 [2.51–5.69]

2.02 [0.74–4.35]

0.36 [0.12–0.73]

83.80 [43.66–126]

DM

2.19 [1.77–2.81]

3.84 [2.89–5.17]

2.76 [0.15–5.35]

0.35 [0.03–0.54]

80.43 [62.71–105.90]

Lung

Non-DM

0.40 [0.07–0.83]

0.83 [0.34–1.46]

0.35 [0.03–1.74]

0.06 [0.01–0.30]

15.18 [2.13–28.15]

DM

0.41 [0.15–0.62]

0.84 [0.5–1.19]

0.51 [0.05–0.97]

0.07 [0.01–0.11]

15.01 [6.11–21.34]

Muscle back

Non-DM

0.65 [0.38–1.01]

1.10 [0.76–1.99]

0.89 [0.40–1.64]

0.16 [0.08–0.30]

15.19 [6.02–33.72]

DM

0.69 [0.41–1.17]

1.23 [0.73–2.16]

1.16 [0.08–2.68]

0.14 [0.01–0.38]

15.89 [7.67–29.84]

Muscle thigh

Non-DM

0.55 [0.36–1.41]

1.19 [0.72–3.11]

0.98 [0.14–2.28]

0.17 [0.03–0.39]

13.41 [6.26–25.80]

DM

0.54 [0.38–2.02]

1.26 [0.81–4.39]

1.06 [0.10–5.11]

0.14 [0.02–0.82]

15.33 [11.16–30.23]

Pancreas

Non-DM

1.68 [1.15–2.44]

2.71 [1.64–4.29]

3.40 [1.16–6.67]

0.62 [0.26–1.15]

68.72 [42.57–123.80]

DM

1.89 [1.29–2.43]

2.83 [2.04–3.43]

4.62 [0.81–6.09]

0.62 [0.12–0.80]

70.05 [42.48–92.01]

Spleen

Non-DM

1.96 [1.41–5.93]

2.83 [1.98–8.46]

2.45 [1.18–15.30]

0.44 [0.20–2.78]

58.30 [10.07–111.60]

DM

1.91 [1.55–2.20]

2.90 [2.19–3.69]

2.55 [0.37–5.41]

0.35 [0.05–0.62]

54.30 [41.57–87.58]

Stomach

Non-DM

2.26 [1.33–5.25]

4.19 [2.43–9.72]

5.88 [2.84–19.13]

0.99 [0.49–3.24]

79.63 [45.22–178.40]

DM

2.20 [1.47–2.82]

4.07 [2.79–5.38]

6.87 [0.94–11.14]

0.94 [0.14–1.41]

78.38 [40.73–102.80]