Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

Median age, years (47 patients)

59.9 [38.4–73.5]

Gender (47 patients)

 Male

31 (66%)

 Female

16 (34%)

Median albumin, g/dl (44 patients)

4.2 [0.5–5.0]

Median β2-microglobulin, mg/l (43 patients)

2.8 [1.1–37.0]

Median LDH, u/l (45 patients)

184.0 [117.0–283.0]

Median bone marrow plasma cell infiltration (45 patients)

32% [1%–92%]

Cytogenetic abnormalities (40 patients)

 High-risk

8 (20.0%)

 Standard risk

32 (80.0%)

ISS (42 patients)

 I

26 (61.9%)

 II

12 (28.6%)

 III

4 (9.5%)

R-ISS (36 patients)

 I

14 (38.9%)

 II

20 (55.6%)

 III

2 (5.6%)