Nuclear imaging methods for the prediction of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing localized, liver-directed treatments: a systematic review

Espersen, Caroline; Borgwardt, Lise; Larsen, Peter Nørgaard; Andersen, Trine Borup; Stenholt, Louise; Petersen, Lars Jelstrup

doi:10.1186/s13550-020-00687-1

EJNMMI Research

Table 3 Overview of the studies reporting on the correlation between a preoperative nuclear imaging examination and the postoperative outcome liver failure

From: Nuclear imaging methods for the prediction of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing localized, liver-directed treatments: a systematic review

Author	Liver failure defined	LF event rate	Preset cut-off value studied	Post hoc cut-off value established	Only descriptive analysis	Liver failure vs. no liver failure comparison	Key diagnostic characteristics reported	Cut-off value predictive in univariate regression analysis	Cut-off value predictive in multivariate regression analysis
Cieslak et al. [16]	Yes	2%	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Cieslak et al. ≠ [17]	No	11%¹	Yes	No²	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Chapelle et al. [19]	Yes	14%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chapelle et al. [20]	Yes	1%³	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Chapelle et al. [21]	Yes	15%	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	NR	Yes
Chiba et al. [18]	Yes	6%⁴	Yes	No	No	NR	NR	Yes	Yes
Cho et al. [22]	Yes	5%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
de Graaf et al. [10]	Yes	16%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR
Dinant et al. [24]	Yes	13%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Franken et al. [25]	Yes	15%⁵	Yes	No	Yes⁶	NR	NR	NR	NR
Guiu et al. [27]	Yes	0%	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Hayashi et al. [28]	Yes	8%	Yes	No	No	NR	NR	Yes	NR
Hino et al. ≠ [29]⁷	Yes	4%	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Hirai et al. [30]	Yes	23%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR
Hwang et al. ≠ [31]	No	9%	No	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Kaibori et al. [34]	Yes	8%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kamohara et al. ≠ [35]	Yes	NR (30% overall)	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Kato et al. ≠ [36]	Yes	33%⁸	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	Yes
Katsuramaki et al. ≠ [37]⁷	Yes	3%	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Kawamura et al. [38]	No	0%	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Kim et al. ≠ [39]	No	10%	No	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	Yes
Kokudo et al. [40]	Yes⁹	13%	No	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	Yes
Kwon et al. [45]	Yes	5%	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Mao et al. [48]	Yes¹⁰	13%	Yes	Yes	No	NR	Yes	NR	NR
Mitsumori et al. [49]	No¹¹	10%	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Nakamura et al. [50]	Yes	17%	No	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	Yes
Nakano et al. ≠ [51]	Yes	6%	Yes	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	No
Nanashima et al. ≠ [54]⁷	Yes	6%	No	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Nanashima et al. ≠ [55]	Yes	6%	No	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	No
Nanashima et al. ≠ [56]	Yes	8%	Yes (later group)	Yes (earlier group)	No	Yes	NR	Yes	No
Nanashima et al. ≠ [57]	Yes	5%	No	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	Yes (LF only)
Nanashima et al. [58]	No	4%	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Nanashima et al. [59]	Yes	1%	No	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Nitta et al. [62]	Yes	18%	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	Yes
Okabayashi et al. [63]	Yes	10%¹²	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Okabe et al. [64]	Yes	PLD 7% LF 2%	No	Yes (PLD)	No	Yes (PLD)	Yes (PLD)	NR	Yes (PLD)
Olthof et al. [65]	Yes	23%	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Rassam et al. ≠[67]⁷	Yes	10% (LF only)	Yes	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Satoh et al. ≠ [68]⁷	Yes	9%	No	Yes	No	NR	Yes	NR	NR
Serenari et al. [69]	Yes	25%¹³	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR
Serenari et al. [70]	Yes	33%	No	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Sugai et al. ≠ [73]	No	18%	No	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Sumiyoshi et al. [74]	Yes	7%¹⁴	Yes	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Sumiyoshi et al. [75]	Yes	0%	Yes	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Tanaka et al. [79]	Yes	41%¹⁵	Yes	No	No	NR	NR	Yes	NR
Tanoue et al. [81]	Yes	15%	No	No¹⁶	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Truant et al. [82]	Yes	80%¹⁷	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Truant et al. [83]	Yes	86%¹⁸	No	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Yano et al. [88]	Yes	21%	No	No¹⁶	No	Yes	NR	NR	NR
Yoshida et al. [90]	Yes	6%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	Yes
Yumoto et al. [92]	No	19%	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NR
Yumoto et al. [93]	Yes⁹	17%	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NR	NR

Papers with liver failure as part of a composite endpoint are marked with a “≠”; in those cases, the data are reported for overall complications in which liver failure is included unless otherwise stated
LF liver failure, PLD postoperative liver dysfunction
¹Including three patients who died due to LF, but they only looked at the NMT in regard to developing LF postoperatively
²Not for the prediction of LF, but they establish a cut-off for the prediction of reaching a sufficient function of the FLR after PVE
³1% of patients in the interventional group developed LF postoperatively, but in the 88 patients in the prior study by Chapelle et al., the liver failure rate was 14%, also reported in the table above
⁴Including two patients who died due to LF. Their primary endpoint was LF, but they also provided uptake values for the patients who died due to LF, also reported in mortality table
⁵In the overall population including the cohort from 2000 to 2015 and the cohort from 2016 to 2019
⁶Comparison of outcomes in the cohort from 2000 to 2015 to those in the cohort from 2016 to 2019 applying different cut-off values for the function of the FLR
⁷Cut-off value, diagnostic characteristics, predictive value, or LF vs. no LF for overall complications or poor outcome, but separate uptake values for patients who developed LF postoperatively
⁸Including 3 patients who died due to postoperative LF
⁹Signs of postoperative LF
¹⁰A Child Score > 9 is considered a high risk for developing LF
¹¹Specifically described as hepatic insufficiency not LF
¹²Meeting the criteria for LF based on at least one of three definitions
¹³Including one patient who developed LF after stage 1 of the ALPPS procedure, and the other four patients developed LF after stage 2 of the ALPPS procedure
¹⁴LF-related Clavien-Dindo grade III complication
¹⁵Only in 98 patients who underwent hemi-hepatectomy did the authors evaluate mortality and LF. Therefore, the liver failure event rate was 40/98 (41%)
¹⁶Not for the prediction of LF, but they establish a cut-off for the prediction of postoperative long-term ascites
¹⁷Including one patient who developed LF and died postoperatively
¹⁸Postoperative clinical outcomes were only reported in the seven patients who underwent ALPPS. Six of the seven patients developed LF, five after stage 2 of the ALPPS procedure and one postoperatively who also died. The other five recovered postoperatively

Back to article page