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EJNMMI Research
Fig. 1 | EJNMMI Research

Fig. 1

From: Short-term discontinuation of vagal nerve stimulation alters 18F-FDG blood pool activity: an exploratory interventional study in epilepsy patients

Fig. 1

Change in glucose, insulin and venous 18F-FDG levels after VNS discontinuation. The change in glucose levels (a), insulin levels (b), and average SUVmean values for the jugular veins (c) and vena cava superior (d) are shown per subject (n = 10 for a and b and n = 9 for c and d, respectively). Generally, these measurements increased in most patients when VNS was switched off (VNS-OFF) in comparison to functional VNS (VNS-ON). The dotted lines represent subject 03 and 12 in (a, b), whose stimulation parameters differed from those of the other subjects. Of these two subjects, subject 12 shows the steepest increase in glucose and insulin levels. In (c, d), the dotted line represents values of subject 12 because the VNS-OFF scan of subject 03 could not be used for analysis. The dashed line represents subject 14, who was the only subject with multiple cardiovascular risk factors

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