Correlation of neuropsychological and metabolic changes after epilepsy surgery in patients with left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis

EJNMMI Research

Table 2 Changes in neuropsychological measures after epilepsy surgery

Neuropsychological test	Preoperative		Postoperative		p value
Neuropsychological test	z-score	Test score	z-score	Test score	p value
RAVLT
Sum (A1–A5)	− 1.13 ± 1.76	36.85 ± 9.79	− 1.88 ± 1.16	34.00 ± 10.07	0.31
Delayed recall	− 2.43 ± 1.04	4.92 ± 2.47	− 2.11 ± 0.61	4.54 ± 1.85	0.53
Recognition (+)	− 1.40 ± 1.65	12.38 ± 2.57	− 1.63 ± 2.13	11.77 ± 2.80	0.35
RVDLT
Sum (A1–A5)	− 0.88 ± 1.16	28.75 ± 10.96	− 1.30 ± 1.38	28.67 ± 12.29	0.96
Delayed recall	− 1.82 ± 2.01	5.44 ± 2.06	− 1.23 ± 1.49	6.56 ± 3.47	0.53
Recognition (+)	− 0.34 ± 1.14	12.17 ± 1.64	− 0.94 ± 1.81	12.67 ± 2.10	0.39
Stroop Test	− 3.24 ± 2.85	28.00 ± 31.96	− 2.89 ± 3.09	37.77 ± 34.09	0.18
Trail Making Test	0.93 ± 0.33	81.77 ± 8.49	1.15 ± 0.54	84.54 ± 11.53	0.27
Verbal fluency
Letter fluency (NAK)	− 1.39 ± 3.89	22.08 ± 10.77	− 0.51 ± 4.61	24.46 ± 12.82	0.29
AVF (animal verbal fluency)	− 1.96 ± 0.82	13.23 ± 4.15	− 1.74 ± 0.78	14.92 ± 4.37	0.20
Boston Naming Test	− 3.88 ± 1.88	41.46 ± 6.59	− 4.07 ± 2.17	40.85 ± 8.17	0.70
Digit Span
Forward	− 0.98 ± 1.19	5.00 ± 1.05	− 0.27 ± 1.23	5.50 ± 0.97	0.14
Backward	− 1.68 ± 1.54	4.00 ± 1.41	− 2.10 ± 0.96	3.80 ± 0.92	0.56

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation
Stroop Test—an interference measure was calculated by subtracting the average time needed to complete the first two subtasks from the time needed to complete the third subtask (Interference = Stroop III − [(Stroop I + Stroop II)/2])
Trail Making Test—based on the direct time scores, derived scores were calculated as ratio score (B/A). p value is for a paired t test
RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RVDLT Rey Visual Design Learning Test