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Table 2 Results for Monte Carlo-simulated SPECT images at 336 h p.i. in terms of volume error, DSC and activity-concentration error

From: SPECT image segmentation for estimation of tumour volume and activity concentration in 177Lu-DOTATATE radionuclide therapy

Method

Volume/cm3

Volume error (%)

DSC

Activity concentration error (%)

  

ASR

AS

ASR

AS

ASR/ASR

AS/ASR

AS/AS

OM

2.75

−23±15 (27)

119±43 (126)

0.73 (0.65, 0.76)

0.44 (0.40, 0.50)

24±21 (31)

−52±10 (53)

−5±22 (22)

 

3.39

−38±11 (39)

54±23 (59)

0.69 (0.59, 0.74)

0.56 (0.49, 0.60)

36±19 (41)

−36±8 (36)

9±14 (16)

 

5.30

−33±7 (34)

37±17 (40)

0.72 (0.70, 0.76)

0.57 (0.53, 0.61)

25±10 (27)

−35±5 (35)

4±11 (11)

 

8.89

−38±10 (39)

−6±9 (10)

0.73 (0.64, 0.77)

0.52 (0.48, 0.57)

27±15 (31)

−29±6 (30)

39±10 (40)

 

19.2

−27±5 (27)

−12±5 (13)

0.81 (0.78, 0.84)

0.67 (0.65, 0.70)

21±7 (22)

−10±5 (11)

30±6 (31)

 

40.0

−20±2 (20)

−29±6 (30)

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

0.68 (0.66, 0.72)

15±2 (15)

−1±3 (3)

38±7 (39)

 

43.1

−20±2 (20)

−24±4 (24)

0.87 (0.86, 0.88)

0.74 (0.72, 0.77)

13±2 (13)

1±2 (3)

32±4 (32)

 

45.5

−26±2 (26)

−17±3 (17)

0.83 (0.81, 0.84)

0.71 (0.69, 0.73)

18±2 (18)

−8±2 (8)

16±4 (17)

FS

2.75

−20±6 (21)

35±25 (43)

0.74 (0.71, 0.76)

0.73 (0.68, 0.76)

16±10 (19)

−16±13 (21)

8±19 (20)

 

3.39

−31±7 (32)

25±26 (36)

0.69 (0.65, 0.74)

0.72 (0.67, 0.75)

24±10 (26)

−14±13 (19)

8±16 (18)

 

5.30

−25±6 (25)

33±17 (37)

0.74 (0.72, 0.76)

0.73 (0.70, 0.75)

14±6 (15)

−21±7 (22)

−10±8 (13)

 

8.89

−50±9 (50)

2±14 (14)

0.65 (0.57, 0.73)

0.77 (0.71, 0.81)

39±16 (42)

−10±9 (13)

1±11 (11)

 

19.2

−39±6 (40)

−13±9 (16)

0.74 (0.68, 0.80)

0.84 (0.80, 0.86)

31±8 (32)

7±7 (10)

15±8 (17)

 

40.0

−21±2 (21)

−8±7 (11)

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

0.88 (0.82, 0.89)

14±2 (14)

4±5 (6)

3±5 (6)

 

43.1

−23±2 (23)

−9±4 (10)

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

0.89 (0.88, 0.90)

14±2 (14)

4±3 (5)

9±3 (9)

 

45.5

−34±2 (34)

−9±7 (11)

0.78 (0.76, 0.81)

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

24±3 (24)

2±5 (5)

−3±4 (5)

  1. Results for volume and activity concentration are given as \(\bar {E_{j}}\pm \text {rSD}_{j}\,\left (\text {rRMSE}_{j}\right)\). For the DSC the 50th (10th, 90th) percentiles are given. Results are given for image segmentation on SPECT images reconstructed with AS and ASR. For activity concentration, results are presented for combinations of ASR and AS, for example AS/ASR where the first (AS) specifies the SPECT image used for tumour delineation while the second (ASR) refers to the SPECT images on which the resulting VOIs were applied. Results of FT have been omitted due to its poor performance causing the results not being deemed meaningful