Table 2 Summary of the main studies that have evaluated tail vein extravasation
Vines et al. | Chang et al. | Groman et al. | |
|---|---|---|---|
Animal model | Mice originally used for various oncology studies | Human HCT116 colon cancer xenografted nude mice (female, Charles River Laboratory) | Albino mice (males, 15 to 20 g, Swiss CD-1(ICR)BR, Charles River Laboratory) |
Number of animals | 50 | 12 | 30 |
Injection method | In-house needle catheters 30-gauge needles insert into 15 cm of polyethylene 10 tubing with a Blunt 30-gauge Luer-lock hub | 29.5-gauge Terumo insulin syringe | Needle without precision |
Tracer | 18F-FDG | 18F-FPP(RGD)2 | Mixed of two reagents: 99mTc-EB1 and colloid gold |
Injected activity | 2–9 MBq over 20–30 s | 1.9–3.8 MBq | - |
Injected volume | 170 μL | 100 μL | 100 μL of mixture |
Misinjection frequency and assessment | 7/50 (14.0 %) | 4/23 (17.4 %) | 12/30 (40.0 %) |
Intermediate or poor injection based on qualitative assessment | Visual inspection | Injection efficiency <90 % based on quantitative assessment | |
Quantitative evaluation | Mean %ID/g on tail ranging from 2.4 to 28.4 | Percentage-intended dose not injected ranging from 0.5 to 9.1 % | Percentage-intended dose not injected ranging from 12 to 63 % |